What are the cutters on CNC lathes, their specifications and types？

What are the cutters on CNC lathes, their specifications and types?

CNC machining tools can be divided into two categories: conventional tools and modular tools. Modular tools are the direction of development. The main advantages of developing modular tools: reduce tool change downtime, increase production and processing time; speed up tool change and installation time, improve the economy of small batch production; improve the standardization and rationalization of tools; improve tool management and flexible processing To expand the utilization rate of the tool and give full play to the performance of the tool; to effectively eliminate the interruption of the tool measurement work, off-line pre-adjustment can be used. In fact, due to the development of modular tools, CNC tools have formed three major systems, namely turning tool systems, drilling tool systems, and boring and milling tool systems.

(1) From the structure, it can be divided into ①Integral type ②Inlaid type It can be divided into welding type and machine clamp type. The machine clamp type is divided into indexable and non-indexable according to the structure of the tool body; ③Vibration damping type When the length and diameter of the working arm of the tool are relatively large, in order to reduce the vibration of the tool and improve the machining accuracy, this type is often used. Tool; ④The internal cooling type cutting fluid is sprayed to the cutting edge of the tool from the nozzle through the inside of the tool body; ⑤Special types such as compound tool, reversible tapping tool, etc.

(2) From the materials used in manufacturing, it can be divided into ①High-speed steel tools. High-speed steel is usually a parison material, which has better toughness than cemented carbide, but poorer hardness, wear resistance and red hardness than cemented carbide, and is not suitable for cutting hardness. Higher materials are not suitable for high-speed cutting. High-speed steel knives need to be sharpened by the manufacturer before they are used, and the sharpening is convenient, suitable for non-standard knives with various special needs. ②Cemented carbide cutting tools Cemented carbide inserts have excellent cutting performance and are widely used in CNC turning. Cemented carbide inserts have a series of standard specifications, and the specific technical parameters and cutting performance are provided by the tool manufacturer. Cemented carbide Inserts are divided into three categories according to international standards: P, M, and K. Class P-suitable for processing steel, long chip malleable cast iron (equivalent to YT class in my country) Class M-suitable for processing austenitic stainless steel, cast iron, high manganese steel, alloy cast iron, etc. (equivalent to YW class in my country) MS Class-suitable for processing heat-resistant alloys and titanium alloys K-suitable for processing cast iron, chilled cast iron, short chip malleable cast iron, non-titanium alloys (equivalent to my country's YG category) KN-suitable for processing aluminum, non Ferroalloy KH—suitable for processing hardened materials ③ceramic tools ④cubic boron nitride tools ⑤diamond tools

(3) From the cutting process, it can be divided into: ① Turning tools are divided into external circle, internal hole, external thread, internal thread, grooving, cutting end face, cutting end face ring groove, cutting and so on. CNC lathes generally use standard machine clamp indexable tools. Both the blade and the body of the machine-clamped indexable tool have standards, and the blade materials are made of cemented carbide, coated cemented carbide and high-speed steel. The indexable tool types of CNC lathe machine clamps include external circular cutting tools, external thread cutting tools, internal circular cutting tools, internal thread cutting tools, cutting tools, and hole machining tools (including center hole drills, boring tools, taps, etc.). The structure of screw, screw pressing plate, lever pin or wedge block is usually used when the machine clamp can be used for indexing the tool to clamp and not regrind the blade. Conventional turning tools are elongated square cutter bodies or cylindrical cutter holders. The square cutter body is generally fixed with groove-shaped cutter holder screws. The cylindrical arbor is fixed with sleeve screws. The connection between them and the cutter head of the machine tool is through the grooved tool holder and the socket rod. In the modular turning tool system, the connection of the cutter head is mostly the rack-type shank connection, and the connection between the cutter head and the cutter body is an "insertion quick-change system". It can be used for both external turning and internal hole boring, and it is also suitable for automatic tool change systems in turning centers. The cutting tools used in CNC lathes can be divided into three categories in terms of cutting methods: round surface cutting tools, end cutting tools and center hole cutting tools. ②Drilling tools are divided into small holes, short holes, deep holes, tapping, reaming, etc. Drilling tools can be used in CNC lathes and turning centers, as well as CNC boring and milling machines and machining centers. Therefore, its structure and connection form have many kinds. There are straight shank, straight shank screw tightening, taper shank, threaded connection, modular connection (cone or cylindrical connection), etc. ③ Boring tools are divided into rough boring and fine boring tools. Boring tools can be divided into integral boring tool holders, modular boring tool holders and boring heads in terms of structure. It can be divided into rough boring tool and fine boring tool from the processing requirements. ④Milling tools Face milling, vertical milling, three-face milling and other tools. ●Face milling cutter (also called end milling cutter) There are cutting edges on the circumferential surface and end surface of the face milling cutter, and the end cutting edge is the secondary cutting edge. Face milling cutters are mostly made of sleeve insert structure and blade machine clamp indexable structure. The material of the cutter teeth is high-speed steel or cemented carbide, and the cutter body is 40Cr. ●End mills End mills are the most commonly used milling cutters on CNC machine tools. Both the cylindrical surface and the end surface of the end mill have cutting edges, which can be cut at the same time or separately. The structure includes integral type and machine clamp type. High-speed steel and cemented carbide are commonly used materials for the working part of milling cutters. ●Mould milling cutters. Die milling cutters are developed from end mills. They can be divided into three types: conical end mills, cylindrical ball end mills and conical ball end end mills. The shank has a straight shank and flattening. Type straight shank and Morse taper shank. Its structural feature is that the ball head or end surface is covered with cutting edges, and the circumferential edge is connected with the ball head edge in an arc, which can be used for radial and axial feed. The working part of the milling cutter is made of high-speed steel or cemented carbide. ●Keyway milling cutter ●Drum milling cutter ●Forming milling cutter

(4) Special type tool Special type tool has self-tightening chuck with shank, powerful RCGT Insert collet chuck holder, reversible (automatic reverse) tapping chuck holder, speed-increasing chuck holder, composite tool and extension rod Class etc. 2. Characteristics of CNC machining tools In order to achieve the purpose of high efficiency, versatility, quick change, and economy, CNC machining tools should have the following characteristics compared with ordinary metal cutting tools: ● The height of Inserts and tool holders is universal, standardized, and serialized. ●The durability of the blade or cutter and the reasonableness of the economic life index. ●Standardization and typification of tool or insert geometric parameters and cutting parameters. ●The blade or tool material and cutting parameters should match the material being processed. ●The tool should have high accuracy, including the shape accuracy of the tool, Machining Carbide Inserts the relative position accuracy of the blade and the tool holder to the spindle of the machine tool, the indexing of the blade and the tool holder, and the repeatability of disassembly and assembly. ●The strength, rigidity and wear resistance of the tool holder should be high. ●The installed weight of the tool holder or tool system is limited. ●The cutting position and direction of the blade and knife handle are required. ●Blade and tool holder positioning datum and automatic tool change system should be optimized. The cutting tools used on CNC machine tools should meet the requirements of convenient installation and adjustment, good rigidity, high precision, and good durability.

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